Random-Access-Memory(RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Random Access Memory (RAM) provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.

If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.

RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.

DRAM -- Dynamic RAM

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is the most common kind of random access memory (RAM) for personal computers and workstations. Memory is the network of electrically-charged points in which a computer stores quickly accessible data in the form of 0s and 1s. Random access means that the PC processor can access any part of the memory or data storage space directly rather than having to proceed sequentially from some starting place. DRAM is dynamic in that, unlike static RAM (SRAM), it needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given a new electronic charge every few milliseconds. Static RAM does not need refreshing because it operates on the principle of moving current that is switched in one of two directions rather than a storage cell that holds a charge in place. Static RAM is generally used for cache memory, which can be accessed more quickly than DRAM.
DRAM stores each bit in a storage cell consisting of a capacitor and a transistor. Capacitors tend to lose their charge rather quickly; thus, the need for recharging. A variety of other RAM interfaces to the computer exist, such as EDO RAM and SDRAM.

RDRAM -- Rambus DRAM



If you are using RDRAM, make sure that all memory sockets of a channel are filled with either a memory chip or a continuity module.
RDRAM often has to be installed in pairs of the same type of memory chips.

RDRAM devices may be configured into single-, dual- or quad-channel RIMM modules. For dual-channel or quad-channel (4-channel) RDRAM chipsets and motherboards, memory module upgrades should be in matched pairs. For instance, to add 512 MByte of memory into a dual or 4-channel system, two matched 256 MByte modules should be inserted.

32-bit RIMM modules, such as RIMM 4200, 4800, and 6400 modules, can be upgraded singly on dual channel systems.


DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) or RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module)?

A: RIMM is the trademarked name for a Direct Rambus memory module.
RDRAM is available only in RIMM packages (such as 184-pin RIMMs).
RIMMs look similar to DIMMs, but have a different pin count. (Typically DIMMs are 168-pin, while RIMMs are 184-pin.) RIMMs transfer data in 16-bit chunks.


Example of RDRAM speeds include PC 800 (PC-800 or PC800) and PC 1066 (PC-1006 or PC1066).

Dual Channel RDRAM -- Dual-channel PC800 RDRAM, as found in Intel's 850 Pentium 4 chipset, provides a higher bandwidth than even PC2700 DDR-SDRAM (DDR333).



SDRAM -- Synchronous DRAM (JEDEC SDRAM)



SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) is a generic name for various kinds of dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that are synchronized with the clock speed that the microprocessor is optimized for. This tends to increase the number of instructions that the processor can perform in a given time. The speed of SDRAM is rated in MHz rather than in nanoseconds (ns). This makes it easier to compare the bus speed and the RAM chip speed. You can convert the RAM clock speed to nanoseconds by dividing the chip speed into 1 billion ns (which is one second). For example, an 83 MHz RAM would be equivalent to 12 ns.


DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)

DDR basically doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferring data on the up and down tick of a clock cycle. DDR memory operating at 333MHz actually operates at 166MHz * 2 (aka PC333 / PC2700) or 133MHz*2 (PC266 / PC2100). DDR is a 2.5 volt technology that uses 184 pins in its DIMMs. It is incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easier to implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.

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IT Comapnies list in Hyderabad

A

1. A E C INFORMATICS PRIVATE LIMITED
   4th Floor, Victory Court,
   Nowroji Road,
   VISAKHAPATNAM 530002
   
   
   
2. A.G.SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
   # 610 & 611, 6TH FLOOR
   ADITYA TRADE CENTRE
   AMEERPET
   HYDERABAD-500 038
   
   
   
3. A.T.S. TRANSLOGIC SYSTEMS PVT LTD
   5th Floor
   Amogh Plaza
   Greenlands
   Hyderabad-500 016
   
   
   
4. AAM GEO SPATIAL TECH PRIVATE LIMITED
   PLOT NO.10-44, IDMST PLOTS
   BAPUJI NAGAR COLONY
   SRI POTTISREERAMULU NELLORE DIST.
   KAVALI-524201
   
   
   
5. AARTHIK INFOTECH
   H.NO.6-2-975, FLAT NO.B-409
   KUSHAL TOWERS
   KHAIRATABAD
   HYDERABAD-500004
   
   
   
6. ABACUS CONCEPTS(INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED
   3rd Floor, Flat No.302
   Raghuram Heights, Behind Satyam Computers
   Sy No.12 (Part), Kondapur
   Hyderabad-500 084
   
   
   
7. ACCENTIA OAK TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
   MCH No.6-3-1111/B/401, 4th Floor
   Babukhan Mall
   Somajiguda
   Hyderabad-500 082
   
   
   
8. ACCENTURE SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED
   Building No.1B, Mind Space,
   Survey No.64, APIIC Software Layout,
   Hi-Tech City, Madhapur
   Hyderabad-500081
   
   
   
9. ACCESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED
   FLAT NO.604
   PRASANTH TOWER
   MUSHEERABAD
   HYDERABAD-500 048.
   
   
   
10. ACCU-SWIFT DICTATION SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED
    USHA ENCLAVE, 8-3-833/A/1,2,3
    FLAT NO.107A, NAVODAYA COLONY
    ELLAREDDYGUDA
    HYDERABAD-500073
    
    
    
11. ACCUMED SCRIPT
    8-2-681/1
    Road No. 12
    Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad - 500 034
    
    
    
12. ACE BPO SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED
    GROUND FLOOR, SRI DURGA CHAMBERS7
    THAKUR MANSION LANE
    PUNJAGUTTA
    HYDERABAD-082
    
    
    
13. ACTEL SEMICONDUCTOR INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    3RD & 4TH FLOORS
    6-3-552, SRIRAM TOWERS
    SOMAJIGUDA,
    HYDERABAD-500082
    
    
    
14. ACTIVE BRAINS TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
    201, SIVA SAI SANNIDHI
    APARTMENTS, HINDINAGAR
    PUNJAGUTTA
    HYDERABAD-500 082
    
    
    
15. ACUITY SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
    301, 3rd floor, Mahavir Lok
    3-5-907/908
    Himayatnagar
    Hyderabad - 500 029
    
    
    
16. ACUMA SOLUTIONS (INDIA) PVT. LTD
    Sriram Nivas, No. 38,
    V K Iyer Road,
    Mandaveli
    Chennai 600 028
    
    
    
17. ACUMEN LEGAL SERVICES (INDIA)PVT LTD
    D.NO.6-3-351, 2ND FLOOR
    RAVI CHAMBERS
    ROAD NO.1, BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD-500 004
    
    
    
18. ACUMEN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
    2ND FLOOR, SOFTSOL TOWER
    PLOT # 4, INFO CITY
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-500 033.
    
    
    
19. ADAEQUARE INFO PVT. LTD.
    GROUND FLOOR AND 2ND FLOOR
    PLOT #270N, ROAD NO.10
    JUBILEE HILLS
    HYDERABAD-500 034
    
    
    
20. ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGY (INDIA) PVT LTD
    303 & 304 3rd FLOOR
    IMPERIAL PLAZA, 6-3-883/A/1
    PUNJAGUTTA
    HYDERABAD-500082
    
    
    
21. ADAYANA LEARNING SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED
    13TH FLOOR, R-2 WING, VEGA BLOCK
    PLOT NO.17, SOFTWARE UNITS LAYOUT
    MADHAPUR, HI-TECH CITY
    HYDERABAD-500081
    
    
    
22. ADEA TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LTD
    Unit 403 to 406A, IV floor
    Ashok Myhome Chambers
    Sardar Patel Road
    Secunderabad - 3
    
    
    
23. ADILA POWER ELECTRONICS PVT. LTD.
    D-9, 2ND FLOOR
    INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
    MOULA-ALI
    HYDERABAD-500 040
    
    
    
24. ADLUX CONSULTANCY SERVICES PVT LTD
    PLOT NO.112, NO.8-3-1100,
    SRI NAGAR COLONY
    
    HYDERABAD-500 073
    
    
    
25. ADP PRIVATE LIMITED
    6-3-1091/C/1,
    Fortune 9,Rajbhavan Road,
    Somajiguda,
    Hyderabad
    
    
    
26. ADROITENT ITES PRIVATE LIMITED
    # 8-2-293/174/101/M, First Floor
    Guv-Vivilash Chambers
    Road No.14, Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad-500 034
    
    
    
27. ADVANTECS CONSULTING (I) PVT. LTD.
    1-8-312/1, GROUND FLOOR
    PATIGADDA
    BEGUMPET
    HYDERABAD-500 016.
    
    
    
28. ADVENTURES
    First Floor, Plot No.1271
    Road No.63
    Jubilee Hills
    Hyderabad-500 033
    
    
    
29. AEGIS LIMITED
    1-10-178, 3rd Floor & 5th Floor
    VARUN TOWERS II
    BEGUMPET
    HYDERABAD-03
    
    
    
30. AERY INDINFOTECH PRIVATE LIMITED
    401, SUREKHA CHAMBERS,
    OPP.VIP WORLD, LALBANGLOW ROAD
    AMEERPET
    HYDERABAD-72
    
    
    
31. AET SOLUTIONS PRIVATED LIMITED
    203, SRI MANU'S AROHA CHAMBERS
    ABOVE SPENCERS, DR. A.S.RAO NAGAR
    RUKMINIPURI COLONY, MAIN ROAD
    HYDERABAD-500 062
    
    
    
32. AGAMI SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED
    PLOT NO.5
    SOFTWARE UNIT LAYOUT
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
33. AGILE TECH
    F1 TRENDSET VANTAGE
    ROAD NO.14,
    BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD-500034
    
    
    
34. AGILIANCE INDIA PVT LTD
    5Q4-A3,
    CYBER TOWERS
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-500081
    
    
    
35. AIKIA SOLUTION PRIVATE LIMITED
    D.NO.6-3-1109/5
    4TH FLOOR, G.S. MALL
    SOMAJIGUDA
    HYDERABAD - 500 082
    
    
    
36. AINS INDIA PVT LTD
    Unit 10, 2nd Floor
    Maximums Towers, Wing-B, Mind Space
    Raheja IT Park, Madhapur
    Hyderabad-500 081
    
    
    
37. AIR WORLDWIDE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    Unit 3A/3B/3C, Third Floor,
    Building No. 6-3-569/2, Rockdale,
    Somajiguda,
    Hyderabad 500 082
    
    
    
38. AJEL TECHNOLOGIES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    1ST FLOOR, 232
    KAVURI HILLS
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
39. AK SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS
    # G1 & G2, Ground Floor, (MCH No. 3-5-82/69 & 8),
    Vivekananda Apartments,
    Vivekananda Nagar Colony, Kukatpally,
    Hyderabad-072
    
    
    
40. AKKEN TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
    FLAT NO.201 CYBER HEIGHTS
    BESIDE TDP OFFICE
    ROAD NO 2 BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
41. Alacriti Infosystems Private Limited
    2-93/8 & 2-93/9, 3Cube Towers
    3rd Floor, White Fields
    Kondapur
    Hyderabad-500 032
    
    
    
42. ALCATEL-LUCENT INDIA LIMITED
    Laxmi Cyber City
    4th Floor, ""B"" Block
    Survey No. 10, Kondapur
    Hyderabad
    
    
    
43. ALEAF SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED
    5Q2 A3, CyberTowers
    Hitech City
    Madhapur
    Hyderabad - 500 033
    
    
    
44. ALKOR TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
    Plot No.1246, 3rd Floor (Level 04)
    Road No.62
    Jubilee Hills
    Hyderabad-33
    
    
    
45. ALLIANCE IT CONSULTING INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    3rd & 4th Floor, Plot No.5
    Software Units Layout
    Madhapur,
    Hyderabad-81
    
    
    
46. ALPHAGEO (INDIA) LIMITED
    802,BABUKHAN ESTATE
    BASHEERBAGH
    ,
    HYDERABAD-500001
    
    
    
47. ALPS SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
    8-2-674/B/3/1
    ROAD NO 12
    BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD - 500 034
    
    
    
48. ALTURA CONSULTING PVT LTD
    2ND FLOOR,
    #1-2-412/16
    GAGAN MAHAL COLONY
    HYDERABAD-500029
    
    
    
49. AMAZON DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED
    8th & 9th Floor Bldg # 2, Maximus Towers
    Mindspace Sy.No.64 (Part), APIIC Software Units Layout
    Hitec City, Madhapur, Serilangapally Mandal, RR District
    Hyderabad-500 081
    
    
    
50. AMBROSIA INFOTECH LIMITED
    Unit No. 102-103,
    Bhuvana Towers,
    S.D. Road,
    Secunderabad
    
    
    
51. AMD Research & Development Center India Private Limited
    Plot No.2/A,8-2-269/10,
    Trendset Towers,
    Road No.2,Banjara Hills,
    Hyderabad 500 034
    
    
    
52. AMERICAN GENERICS (INDIA) LIMITED
    F-1, Sowmyeesha Arcade
    H.No.8-2-277/38, Plot No.38
    UBI Colony, Road No.3, Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad - 500 034
    
    
    
53. AMERICAN INFOSERV PVT. LTD.
    157, PRASHASAN NAGAR
    ROAD NO.72
    JUBILEE HILLS
    HYDERABAD-500 033
    
    
    
54. AMERICAN SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
    SUITE 602, CYBER HEIGHTS, PLOT NO.13
    HUDA LAYOUT, ROAD NO.2
    BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
55. AMKO SOFTWARE PVT. LTD.
    Flat No.201, D.No.6-2-976
    2nd Floor, Pavani Estates
    Khairatabad
    Hyderabad-500 004
    
    
    
56. Ampersand Consulting
    #305, Golf View Enclave
    21-122, Uttamnagar, Safliguda
    ,
    Hyderabad
    
    
    
57. AMPHORA SOFTWARE PRIVATE LIMITED
    607, NAVKETAN BUILDING
    62, SAROJINI DEVI ROAD
    ,
    SECUNDERABBAD-500003
    
    
    
58. AMSOFT DATA CORPORATION
    Flat No.302, Siri Enclave
    D.No.8-3-960
    Sri Nagar Colony
    Hyderabad - 500073
    
    
    
59. Analog Devices India Private Ltd.
    8-2-269/A/2/1 to 6
    4th Floor, Srinilaya Cyber Spazio
    Road No 2, Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad - 500 034
    
    
    
60. ANANTH TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
    Ananth info park, Tower - B
    Ground to 4th Floors, Plot No.39
    Hi-Tech City, Madhapur
    Hyderabad-500 081
    
    
    
61. ANBLICK SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
    H.NO.208, ADITYA TRADE CENTRE
    AMEERPET
    ,
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
62. ANCENT SOFTWARE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
    5TH FLOOR, TOPAZ
    AMRUTHA HILLS, PUNJAGUTTA
    ,
    HYDERABAD - 500482
    
    
    
63. ANEWA ENGINEERING PRIVATE LIMITED
    13/1 Techno Enclave
    SECTOR-1
    HITEC CITY, MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-033
    
    
    
64. ANION TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
    405, MAITRIVANAM
    HUDA COMPLEX
    S.R.NAGAR
    HYDERABAD - 500 038
    
    
    
65. ANJALEE BUSINESS SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED
    6-3-1191, 3 E,
    BRIJ TARANG,
    BEGUMPET
    HYDERABAD - 082
    
    
    
66. ANNAPURNA BUSINESS SOLUTIONS
    Mekins Maheswari Mayank Plaza,
    MCH No. 6-3-866/a, suite # 401,
    Begumpet, Green lands Road,
    Hyderabad-500 016
    
    
    
67. ANU SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
    Plot No.52, Survey No. 342, 1st Floor,
    A-Leap Industrial Estate
    Gajularamaram (P.O)
    Hyderabad - 501008
    
    
    
68. APERE ENTERPRISE STORAGE SOLUTIONS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    Plot No. 14, HUDA Colony
    Road No.2
    Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad - 500 033
    
    
    
69. APEX ADVANCED GEOSPATIAL PVT LTD
    MAHESHWARI PALACE, D.NO.29-4-30
    KODANDA RAMI REDDY STREET
    GOVERNOR PET
    VIJAYAWADA-2
    
    
    
70. APEX GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY PRIVATE LIMITED
    6-2-250/2
    Road No 1
    Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad - 500 034
    
    
    
71. APEX KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGY PVT. LTD
    Plot No.270/Q, Road No.10C
    Santhoshi Nilayam
    Jubilee Hills
    Hyderabad-500 033
    
    
    
72. APEX LOGICAL DATA CONVERSION PVT LTD
    303 & 304, MGR Estate
    Dwarakapuri Colony
    Punjagutta
    Hyderabad - 500 082
    
    
    
73. APEX SOLUTIONS LIMITED
    Virat Crane Building
    NH-5,Guntur Rural Mandal
    Vengalayapalem
    Guntur (A.P.)- 522 005
    
    
    
74. APEX TECHNO SYSTEMS PVT LTD
    PLOT 55, FIRST FLOOR,SHESHADRI HEIGHTS
    NEW SAMATHAPURI COLONY
    NAGOLE 'X' ROADS,
    HYDEABAD-500035
    
    
    
75. APOLLO HEALTH STREET LIMITED
    Ground Floor to 2nd Floor
    APOLLO HOSPITAL COMPLEX
    JUBILEE HILLS
    HYDERABAD - 500 033
    
    
    
76. APPERA SOFTWARE PRIVATE LIMITED
    Flat No.304, Chayamina Enclave
    A.S.Raju Nagar
    Kukatpally
    Hyderabad-500 072
    
    
    
77. APPLABS TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD
    Ground,First to Fourth Floors,
    Punnaiah Plaza, Plot No.83 & 84,
    Banjara Hills,
    Hyderabad-34
    
    
    
78. APPLIED COMPUTER SERVICES LTD
    609, TOPAZ BUILDING
    AMRUTHA HILLS
    PANJAGUTTA
    HYDERABAD- 500 082
    
    
    
79. APPS ASSOCIATES PRIVATE LIMITED
    PLOT NO.7, VIKRAMPURI COLONY
    NO.1-3-23/2, STREET NO.4,
    HABSIGUDA
    HYDERABAD
    
    
    
80. APPSHARK SOFTWARE PRIVATE LIMITED
    PLOT NO 1-62/33/34
    KAVURI HILS,
    PHASE-3, MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-500033
    
    
    
81. APTIVE SOLUTIONS
    GROUND FLOOR, PLOT NO:512
    ROAD NO.31
    JUBILEE HILLS
    HYDERABAD-500 033
    
    
    
82. ARCTERN CONSULTING PRIVATE LIMITED
    13th FLOOR(RIGHT WING), VEGA BLOCK
    THE V PLOT #17, SOFTWARE UNITSLAYOUT
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-500081
    
    
    
83. ARKIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE LIMITED
    Plot No.14
    New Vasavi Nagar
    Karkhana
    Secunderabad 500 015
    
    
    
84. ARNIT INFOTECH LIMITED
    H.No.6-3-883/5
    Venkat Plaza
    Punjagutta
    Hyderabad - 500 082
    
    
    
85. ARSIN SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED
    P.V.R. CHAMBERS
    6-3-249/2/A, MAIN ROAD
    BANJARA HILLS
    HYDERABAD - 500034
    
    
    
86. ARYA SYSTEMS
    1-8-344/1
    Indian Airlines Colony
    Begumpet
    Secunderabad-500 003
    
    
    
87. ASSURGENT TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
    H.NO.1-98/5/3
    ARUNODAYA COLONY
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD - 500 081
    
    
    
88. ASTER TELESERVICES(P) LTD
    E-67
    4TH CRESENT
    SAINIKPURI
    SECUNDERABAD - 94
    
    
    
89. AT&T GLOBAL BUSINESS SERVICES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    10th Floor, (Left Wing) VEGA Block, The V
    Plot No.17, Software Units Layout
    Hi-Tech City, Madhapur
    Hyderabad-500 081
    
    
    
90. ATLANTIC BPO
    103,ANAND PLAZA
    LAKDI-KA-POOL
    ,
    HYDERABAD-500004
    
    
    
91. Atlantic Systems India Pvt. Limited
    # 3-6-517, Sai Datta Arcade
    303, 3rd Floor,
    Himayathnagar
    Hyderabad 500 029
    
    
    
92. ATMT SOFTWARE LIMITED
    8-2-413/B
    Road No 4
    Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad
    
    
    
93. ATOK SOFT INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    D.NO.34-3-2,
    GAMINI COMPOUND
    TANUKU-534211
    WEST GODAVARI DIST
    
    
    
94. AUGUST BUSINESS TECHNOLOGIES INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    S.NO.55/E, FLAT NO.105, Ist FLOOR
    BLOCK-II, ADITYA HRIDAYAM
    KONDAPUR VILLAGE,
    HYDERABAD-500 032
    
    
    
95. AUROPRO SOFT SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED
    FLAT NO.109, FIRST FLOOR
    ADITYA TRADE CENTER
    AMEERPET
    HYDERABAD-38
    
    
    
96. AUSIND BPO SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED
    # 8-2-293/82/A/148
    Road No.10
    Jubilee Hills
    Hyderabad-500 033
    
    
    
97. AUSTRIAMICROSYSTEMS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
    #01-07, CYBER PEARL, BLOCK 2
    HITEC CITY
    MADHAPUR
    HYDERABAD-500 081
    
    
    
98. AutoForm Engineering India Private Limited
    8-2-467/3/1/B
    Road No.5
    Banjara Hills
    Hyderabad-500 034
    
    
    
99. AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN & ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED
    6-3-883/3, 4th floor
    R.K.Plaza
    Punjagutta
    Hyderabad - 500 082
    
    
    
100. AUTOMOTIVE ROBOTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD.
     4th Floor, A & B Block,
     Surya Towers
     Secunderabad-500 003
     
     
     
     
101. AVAHITA CONSULTANCY SERVICES
     43, TAHIRVILLE
     Adjacent to St. Mary's College
     YOUSUFGUDA
     HYDERABAD-500 045
     
     
     
102. AVAYA INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
     12TH FLOOR, VEGA BUILDING,PLOT NO.17
     SOFTWARE UNITS LAYOUT
     MADHAPUR,SERILINGAMPALLY
     HYDERABAD-500081
     
     
     
103. AVINEON INDIA PVT. LIMITED - (Unit-1)
     ""WHITE HOUSE"" BLOCK III
     2nd & 3rd FLOOR
     KUNDANBAGH, BEGUMPET
     HYDERABAD-500016
     
     
     
104. AVINEON INDIA PVT. LIMITED - (UNIT-3)
     First Floor, Plot No. 20
     ROHINI LAYOUT, Opp. HI-TEC CITY
     MADHAPUR
     HYDERABAD-500081
     
     
     
105. AXIZ SOLUTIONS
     F-C2 SRI SAI RAJ APARTMENTS
     INDIAN AIRLINES COLONY
     TRIMULGHERRY
     SECUNDERABAD-500015
     
     
     
106. AxSys HEALTHTEC LIMITED
     5-9-34/2
     Adj.New M L A Quarters
     Basheerbagh
     Hyderabad - 500 029
     
     
     
107. AXZ SOFT SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
     LOTUS ARCADIA, LILAC BLOCK
     FLAT NO. 6, B.P.RAJU MARG, WHITE FIELDS
     KONDAPUR,
     CYBERABAD-500032
     
     
     
108. AZINGO SOFT SYSTEMS (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED
     4th Floor, C&D Blocks
     Sanali Info Park, Municipal No. 18-2-120/113 to 113/5
     Road No 2, Banjara Hills
     Hyderabad-500 034

Create Fake virus

1. Right click on Desktop select new -> shortcut , Give the Name as -> shutdown -s -t 60 -c "Trojan virus dected"


2. Give the name as Internet Explorer
3. Change the shortcut Icon as explorer icon (Right Click on Shortcut -> Shortcut->Change Icon->choose Internet Explorer Icon)
4.Now Shortcut appear as Internet Explorer
5. Now DoubleClick on Internet Explorer, shows like this. This will autometically shutdown after 60 sec.

Make-incisible-folder

1. Create newfolder
right click on newfolder -> press ALT key then type 0160 from numlock. Then press enter now the folder name was Empty.
2. Now change the Icon for the folder select empty Icon shown in figure.

3. Now check if tou see folder apper as empty, but check in status bar shows 1 item is present.

IT Companies List

IT Comapnies list in VIZAG

IT Comapnies list in Hyderabad

Install and Configure the DNS Server

Install and Configure the DNS Server

Install DNS Server

1.      Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

2.      Double-click Add/Remove Programs.

3.      Click Add and Remove Windows Components.

4.      The Windows Components Wizard starts. Click Next.

5.      Click Networking Services, and then click Details.

6.      Click to select the Domain Name System (DNS) check box, and then click OK.

7.      Click OK to start server Setup. The DNS server and tool files are copied to your computer.

8.      Continue to the next step to configure the DNS server.

Configure the DNS Server Using DNS Manager

These steps guide you through configuring DNS by using the DNS Manager snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC).

1.      Click Start, point to Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS Manager. You see two zones under your computer name: Forward Lookup Zone and Reverse Lookup Zone.

2.      The DNS Server Configuration Wizard starts. Click Next.

        3. If the Wizard does not auto-start, right-click your server name object in the DNS Manager console and choose Configure your Server

4. Choose to add a forward lookup zone. Click Next. The new forward lookup zone must be a primary zone so that it can accept dynamic updates. Click Primary, and then click Next.

5.      The zone name must be exactly the same as your Active Directory Domain name, or, if on a stand-alone or workgroup environment - the same as the suffix for all of the network computers that are to register with this DNS server. Type the name of the zone, and then click Next.

6.      Accept the default name for the new zone file. Click Next.

7.      Choose to add a reverse lookup zone now. Click Next.

8.      Click Primary, and then click Next.

9.      Type the name of the zone, and then click Next. The zone name should match the Network ID of your local subnet. For example, if your subnet range is from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.254, type 192.168.0 in the name value.

10.  Accept the default name for the new zone file. Click Next.

11.  Click Finish to complete the Server Configuration Wizard.

After the Server Configuration Wizard is finished, DNS Manager starts. Proceed to the next step to enable dynamic update on the zone you just added.

Enable Dynamic Update on the Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones (Optional - Recommended)

1.      In DNS Manager, expand the DNS Server object.

2.      Expand the Forward Lookup Zones folder.

3.      Right-click the zone you created, and then click Properties.

4.      On the General tab, click to select the Allow Dynamic Update check box, and then click OK to accept the change.

5.      Do the same for the Reverse Lookup Zone.

Enable DNS Forwarding for Internet connections

1.      Click Start, point to Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click DNS to start the DNS Management Console.

2.      Right click the DNS Server object for your server in the left pane of the console, and click Properties.

3.      Click the Forwarders tab.

4.      Check the Enable forwarders check-box.

5.      In the IP address box enter the IP address of the DNS servers you want to forward queries to - typically the DNS server of your ISP. You can also move them up or down. The one that is highest in the list gets the first try, and if it does not respond within a given time limit - the query will be forwarded to the next server in the list.

6.      Click OK.

DOMAIN NAME SYSYTEM (DNS)

DOMAIN NAME SYSYTEM (DNS)

What is DNS ?

 

            Domain Name System (DNS) is a database system that translates a

 

computer's fully qualified domain name into an IP address

 

 

What is Fully Qualified Domain Name ?

 

Ø      A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is the complete domain name for a specific computer, or host, on the Internet

 

Ø      A fully qualified domain name consists of a host and domain name, including top-level domain

 

For example, www.sso.hcl.com is the fully qualified domain name for the sso directory of HCL corporate services.

 

 

What is a Zone ?

 

                        DNS data is divided into manageable sets of data called zone. It contains name and ip address information about one or more parts of a DNS domain.

 

 

Zone Types ?

 

Ø      Forward lookup zone

Ø      Reverse lookup zone

 

 

What is forward lookup Zone ?

 

A forward lookup zone searches for an ip address based on a provided host name. In general it resolves the host name to ip address of the computer.

 

 

What is reverse lookup Zone ?

 

A reverse lookup zone searches for the host name based on the ip address.In general it resolves the ip address to host name of the computer.

ACTIVE DIRECTORY

What is Active Directory?

 

Active Directory is a directory service. The term directory service refers to two things — a directory where information about users and resources is stored and a service or services that let you access and manipulate those resources.

 

Active Directory is a way to manage all elements of your network, including computers, groups, users, domains, security policies, and any type of user-defined objects. It melds several NT services and tools that have functioned separately so far — User Manager for Domains, Server Manager, Domain Name Server — and provides additional functions beyond these services and tools.

 

 

What are the Fundamentals of Active Directory?

 

1. If a client wants to access a service or a resource, it does so using the resource’s Active Directory name. To locate the resource, the client sends a standard DNS query to a dynamic DNS server by parsing the Active Directory name and sending the DNS part of the name as a query to the dynamic DNS server.
2. The dynamic DNS server provides the network address of the domain controller responsible for the name. This is similar to the way static DNS currently operates — it provides an IP address in response to a name query.
3. The client receives the domain controller’s address and uses it to make an LDAP query to the domain controller. The LDAP query finds the address of the system that has the resource or service that the client requires.
4. The domain controller responds with the requested information. The client accepts this information.
5. The client uses the protocols and standards that the resource or service requires and interacts with the server providing the resource.

Active Directory Schema

The Active Directory Schema is the set of definitions that defines the kinds of objects—and the types of information about those objects—that can be stored in Active Directory. Because the definitions are themselves stored as objects, Active Directory can manage the schema objects with the same object management operations used for managing the rest of the objects in the directory. There are two types of definitions in the schema: attributes and classes. Attributes and classes are also referred to as schema objects or metadata.

Driver-signingin

About-device-manager

Installing-device

Adding a Network Interface Card (NIC)

Adding a Network Interface Card (NIC)

What is a NIC:







A network interface card (NIC) is a device that plugs into a motherboard and provides ports for the network cable connections.
It is the computer interface with the LAN.
The NIC communicates with the network through serial connections and communicates with the computer through parallel connections.

Assign IP Address






In a (TCP/IP)-based LAN, PCs use an IP address to identify each other.
These addresses allow computers that are attached to the network to locate each other.
IP addresses for hosts on a LAN can be assigned in two ways:
Manually assigned by the network administrator
Assigned by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

Types of Networks

Types of Networks

By using local-area network (LAN) and wide-area network (WAN) technologies, many computers are interconnected to provide services to their users.
In providing services, networked computers take on different roles or functions in relation to each other.
Some types of applications require computers to function as equal partners. Other types of applications distribute work so that one computer functions to serve a number of others in an unequal relationship.

Peer-to-Peer Networks



In a peer-to-peer network, the networked computers act as equal partners, or peers, to each other.

As peers, each computer can take on the client function or the server function alternately.






Client/Server Networks

In a client/server network arrangement, network services are located in a dedicated computer whose only function is to respond to the requests of clients.

The server contains the file, print, application, security, and other services in a central computer that is continuously available to respond to client requests.





Local-Area Network (LAN)





A local-area network (LAN) can connect many computers in a relatively small geographical area such as a home, an office, or a campus.

It allows users to access high bandwidth media like the Internet and allows users to share devices such as printers.

Toplogy

•The general shape or layout of a LAN is called its topology.
•Topology defines the structure of the network. This includes the physical topology which is the actual layout of the wire or media, and the logical topology which is how the media is accessed by the hosts

•The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions.

Bus topology

All nodes are connected to a central cable along which data is passed. called Bus Topology.

Ring topology

each computer is connected to the network in a closed loop or ring. Each machine or computer has a unique address that is used for identification purposes.
•A frame travels around the ring, stopping at each node. If a node wants to transmit data, it adds the data as well as the destination address to the frame.
•The frame then continues around the ring until it finds the destination node, which takes the data out of the frame.





–Single ring – All the devices on the network share a single cable
–Dual ring – The dual ring topology allows data to be sent in both directions although only one ring is used at a time.

Star topology

ach machine is connected to a central hub. In contrast to the bus topology, the star topology allows each machine on the network to have a point to point connection to the central hub. All of the traffic which transverses the network passes through the central hub.

•The star topology is the most commonly used architecture in Ethernet LANs.
•When installed, the star topology resembles spokes in a bicycle wheel.



Larger networks use the extended star topology. When used with network devices that filter frames or packets, like bridges, switches, and routers, this topology significantly reduces the traffic on the wires by sending packets only to the wires of the destination host.

Mesh topology

A type of network setup where each of the computers and network devices are interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down.

Wide-Area Networks (WAN)

• A WAN, as the name implies, is designed to work over a larger area than a LAN. •A WAN uses point-to-point or point to multipoint, serial communications lines.

•Point-to-point lines connect only two locations, one on each side of the line. Point-to-multipoint lines connect one location on one side of the line to multiple locations on the other side.

•The following are some of the more common WAN technologies:
–Modems
–Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
–Digital subscriber line (DSL)
–Frame Relay
–Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

•Connections across WAN lines may be temporary or permanent.
•Telephone or dialup lines, might make a temporary connection to a remote network from a computer in a home or small office.
•In both temporary and permanent cases, computers that connect over wide area circuits must use a modem or channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU) at each end of the connection.